Law and Rights
The government has introduced a European Union Bill into Parliament. The Bill may be read here and there are Explanatory Notes. Basically, the Bill seeks to bring in certain restrictions which must be complied with before the U.K. agrees to the European Union either gaining or amending its powers. In some instances there will have to be a referendum.
European Union law has become a complex and labyrinthine structure - (see here for basic information). However, the U.K. entered "Europe" as a result of the Economic Communities Act 1972 which came into force on 1st January 1973. The U.K. is a member ONLY by virtue of the 1972 Act of Parliament.
It is therefore a little surprising to see Clause 18. This states that - "It is only by virtue of an Act of Parliament that directly applicable or directly effective EU law (that is, the rights, powers, liabilities, obligations, restrictions, remedies and procedures referred to in section 2(1) of the European Communities Act 1972) falls to be recognised and available in law in the United Kingdom."
Clause 18 is described in the Explanatory Notes as a "declaratory provision" included in the Bill to address concerns that the doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty may in the future be eroded by decisions of the courts. According to the notes, the clause seeks to provide clear authority which could be used to counter arguments that EU law has become a "higher autonomous legal order" somehow embedded in the U.K.'s legal system. The explanatory notes go on to point out that in the 'Metric Martyrs" case (Thoburn v Sunderland City Council 2002) attempts were made to argue precisely that though the High Court rejected the argument.
The Bill is very convoluted and such Bills rarely make for good law. Nevertheless, it will generally enhance the involvement of Parliament with EU matters which have often been more or less left to Ministers. In those cases where a referendum is required it will enhance the involvement of the people with EU affairs and should do a lot to improve understanding of how the EU operates.
An attempt will be made to unravel some the Bill's mysteries in the near future and, no doubt, other commentators will do likewise.
See Foreign and Commonwealth Office - factsheets can be downloaded
See The Guardian 11th November.
Addendum 12th November: "Bloggers" have burned the midnight oil -- see:
Head of Legal ............. UK Human Rights Blog .............. Of Interest to Lawyers
All are broadly agreed that Clause 18 is - legally speaking - unnecessary. It is there for political reasons. Earlier this year, the Head of Legal blog had expressed concerns that some sort of "sovereignty" clause might actually come to be interpreted as affecting Parliamentary sovereignty itself with the risk that it might be viewed as somehow limiting that sovereignty. This would not appear to be the case with Clause 18.
It is also worth noting existing law that new treaties may only be ratified following an Act of Parliament if the new treaty amends certain other European treaties - see European Communities (Amendment) Act 2008 section 5. Further, parliamentary approval is already required for certain decisions - see section 6.
Addendum 15th November: An interesting article by Joanthan Goldsmith (Secretary-General of the Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe) appeared in the Law Society Gazette. Mr. Goldsmith discusses how, after the Lisbon Treaty, national parliaments are supposed to be more involved in EU matters. He concludes that the House of Lords - for all its democratic deficit - is doing a good job in this area. Read the article here.
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Law and Rights
European Union Bill
European Union law has become a complex and labyrinthine structure - (see here for basic information). However, the U.K. entered "Europe" as a result of the Economic Communities Act 1972 which came into force on 1st January 1973. The U.K. is a member ONLY by virtue of the 1972 Act of Parliament.
It is therefore a little surprising to see Clause 18. This states that - "It is only by virtue of an Act of Parliament that directly applicable or directly effective EU law (that is, the rights, powers, liabilities, obligations, restrictions, remedies and procedures referred to in section 2(1) of the European Communities Act 1972) falls to be recognised and available in law in the United Kingdom."
Clause 18 is described in the Explanatory Notes as a "declaratory provision" included in the Bill to address concerns that the doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty may in the future be eroded by decisions of the courts. According to the notes, the clause seeks to provide clear authority which could be used to counter arguments that EU law has become a "higher autonomous legal order" somehow embedded in the U.K.'s legal system. The explanatory notes go on to point out that in the 'Metric Martyrs" case (Thoburn v Sunderland City Council 2002) attempts were made to argue precisely that though the High Court rejected the argument.
The Bill is very convoluted and such Bills rarely make for good law. Nevertheless, it will generally enhance the involvement of Parliament with EU matters which have often been more or less left to Ministers. In those cases where a referendum is required it will enhance the involvement of the people with EU affairs and should do a lot to improve understanding of how the EU operates.
An attempt will be made to unravel some the Bill's mysteries in the near future and, no doubt, other commentators will do likewise.
See Foreign and Commonwealth Office - factsheets can be downloaded
See The Guardian 11th November.
Addendum 12th November: "Bloggers" have burned the midnight oil -- see:
Head of Legal ............. UK Human Rights Blog .............. Of Interest to Lawyers
All are broadly agreed that Clause 18 is - legally speaking - unnecessary. It is there for political reasons. Earlier this year, the Head of Legal blog had expressed concerns that some sort of "sovereignty" clause might actually come to be interpreted as affecting Parliamentary sovereignty itself with the risk that it might be viewed as somehow limiting that sovereignty. This would not appear to be the case with Clause 18.
It is also worth noting existing law that new treaties may only be ratified following an Act of Parliament if the new treaty amends certain other European treaties - see European Communities (Amendment) Act 2008 section 5. Further, parliamentary approval is already required for certain decisions - see section 6.
Addendum 15th November: An interesting article by Joanthan Goldsmith (Secretary-General of the Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe) appeared in the Law Society Gazette. Mr. Goldsmith discusses how, after the Lisbon Treaty, national parliaments are supposed to be more involved in EU matters. He concludes that the House of Lords - for all its democratic deficit - is doing a good job in this area. Read the article here.
- A Trilogy Of New Acts
Parliament: The Fixed Term Parliaments Act 2011 has arrived. The date of the next general election will be 7th May 2015. An earlier General Election cannot be called other than by application of section 2 (i.e. either the House of Commons...
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This blog recently looked at the European Union Bill presented to Parliament on 11th November 2010. This post refers to various Clauses in the Bill as it stood on that date. As the Bill passes through Parliament the numbering may change. The...
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On 28th October, the government's Public Bodies Bill received its first reading in Parliament - actually it has been first introduced via the House of Lords. We all knew that, mainly for economic reasons, a "Bonfire of the Quangos" was being...
- Legal News Items And Some Light Relief ...
A number of other newsworthy legal stories were in the media this week. There was a verdict in the Mark Saunders Inquest ? see The Independent 8th October 2010. There was NOT a finding of unlawful killing by the Police. ...
- Making The Law; Deciding What It Means And Bills Now Before Parliament
Within the U.K. sovereignty rests with "The Queen in Parliament" (Q in P). Thus, the Q in P is the supreme law making authority for the U.K. New laws start their lives as "bills" presented to parliament and the bills before parliament at the...